SMAX1 amplification (Xq12)
The androgen receptor (AR/NR3C4/SMAX1) plays a critical role in normal prostate development and functions as a critical oncogene in all stages of prostate cancer progression and transformation, including progression to castration-resistance following androgen-deprivation therapy.
NR3C4 (Xq12) controlls signaling remains and therefore remains as an important objective for the specific therapeutic interventions. Several studies suggest that AR expression levels differ according to the stage of the disease, where the genomic amplification of AR occurs likely in castration-resistant prostate cancer, but rarely in untreated prostate cancer. Thus, gene SMAX1 amplification can plays a direct role during human prostate cancer progression and androgen deprivation therapy failure.
